Web Hosting Talk : Web Hosting Main Forums : Hosting Security and Technology : Hosting Security and Technology Tutorials : SSH Newbie Guide

[Joseph_M]

This Guide Isn't By Any Means Complete, But Contains A Number Of Commonly Used Commands In SSH. Please Note That Anything In BOLD Is A Description, And Anything In Italic Is The Actual Command!

File Manipulation
ls -l ---- This Will List All Files/Directories In Your Current Directory
ls -al ---- Lists All Files & Information
ls –alR ---- Lists All Files & Information In All SubDirectories
cd ---- Changes Directory
clear ---- Clears The Screen
cp [oldfilepath] [newfilepath] ---- Copies File From A Directory->Another
rm [filepath] ---- Removes A File
rm * ---- Removes All Files In A Directory
mkdir [dirname] ---- Creates A New Directory
mv [oldfilepath] [newfilepath] ---- Moves A File/Directory


Compression
unzip [filepath.zip]----Unzips A .ZIP File
tar -xvf [filepath.tar]----Untars A .TAR File
gzip -d [filepath.gz]----Ungzips A .GZIP File
gzip -d filepath.tar.gz----Ungziptar's A .TAR.GZ File
tar -xvf filepath.tar


Permissions
0 = --- No Permission
1 = --X Execute-Only
2 = -W- Write-Only
3 = -WX Write & Execute
4 = R-- Read-Only
5 = R-X Read & Execute
6 = RW- Read & Write
7 = RWX Read, Write & Execute

You Need To Set This On Files For
Owner - The File Owner
Group - People On The Server
User - Everyone

Its normally best if you want to keep a file really secure, to keep Group as "0" to stop people on the server from looking/changing it!


System Information Commands

du----Shows Disk Usage
netstat----This Tells You Who Is Connected To The Server + Hostname
netstat -n----This Tells You Who Is Connected To The + IP
kill----Kill A System Process
top----Gives You System Information (e.g. Processes, RAM usage etc)
ps----Shows Currently Running Processes
ps U [username]----Shows Currently Running Processes By A User
last----Tells You The Last User To Login

[uzaymerkezi]

really good i was hardly looking for these codes as newbie

[stftk]

Nice guide but you may want to add a few things:

- how to extract a .tar.bz2 file to the compression section.

tar -xvjf filename.tar.bz2

- how to create a symbolic link.

ln -s old new

- how to download a file from a remote server

wget http://domain/file

- how to reboot the server

reboot

- how to edit a file

vi filename
pico filename

[CybexHost]

This is basically what you need to know to get started and rolling out the door. Great job Joseph_M, very well organized and arranged!

<<< Signature removed >>>

[RofyHost]

Thanks Joseph_M {Tells All!},

you are really telling all
much appreciated!

[basic]

Some more I often use:

- delete all files AND subdirectories
/bin/rm -rf <directory-name>

- copy folders
cp -r

- show ownership and permissions of files in your location
ls -l

[Adrian_M]

Not to nitpick,.... but; These aren't really SSH commands.

SSH is just what is being used to remotely connect to a server.

I think these commands would more acurately be described as general UNIX ( or Linux, FreeBSD, *NIX, etc.) shell commands.

[Joseph_M]

Adrian, as they're for Newbies this is what they'd look for, anyway, I posted exactly what was asked for by (I believe) Mouse.

[coolbuddy]

Hey Joseph_M,

Definately a nice informative post ..!
I am sure many people who are new to SSH will be able to use it with the help of your stuff...

[Joseph_M]

As long as its helped someone, I'm happy!

[gilbert]

Originally posted by Joseph_M
As long as its helped someone, I'm happy!

i second that

[SSH-Raj]

wow a thread all about me!

[leight]

some quick notes:

ls -l ---- This Will List All Files/Directories In Your Current Directory
ls -al ---- Lists All Files & Information

-l will not list all files, -l is just for (l)ong info line
the -a is for (a)ll, and lists hidden directories and files, (names preceded with a . )

Also useful:

ps -x - show your background processes.
du -sh <dir> shows a human readable summary for the size of a directory.

<cmd> | grep <string> - this will parse all of the output from <cmd> and show only the lines that contain <string>, very useful for machines with lots of processes when you only want to find one. ie: ps -ax | grep named ... this would show the process entry for the dns server.

You have permissions listed but, not the copmmand to change them: chmod <perms> file

Also useful is chown user:group file to change the ownership of a file.

Just a couple of things I think are important, also dont forget that godsend command, "man"

[CArmstrong]

To add onto leight's post above, man keyword invokes the manual pages for the keyword. It can be a program, utility, or something else entirely. Give it a shot before you ask a question

[openXS]

Isnt quite useful since it doesnt say how to read a file.

For the first time I bought a server and I got an email from the provider asking me to get the pass from a txt via SSH located in some folder. Using the above commands I managed to get IN, but as I was'nt able to open the file, I had to pay them and wait a day to get it done..heh